Overview of Knee Osteoarthritis

OVERVIEW OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent degenerative condition among all musculoskeletal disorders.

Knee Osteoarthritis: “A concern no longer confined to the elderly”

This is a condition of joint "inflammation" and "wear and tear" that most commonly presents in individuals aged 50 and above, though it can also affect younger populations. Those who have experienced traumatic accidents, knee injuries, or possess congenital structural variations such as bowlegs (genu varum) or flat feet are particularly susceptible. In knee osteoarthritis, the articular cartilage progressively deteriorates. As this cartilage wears away, it becomes frayed and rough, diminishing the natural protective cushion between the two bone ends. This consequence often results in bone-on-bone friction, eliciting severe pain and inflammation.Knee osteoarthritis progresses gradually with pain worsening over time; if left untreated, it may ultimately result in a loss of knee function.

RISK FACTORS.

KEY CLINICAL SIGNS TO OBSERVE.

Mechanical pain (activity-induced discomfort)

Symmetrical, mechanical pain that intensifies with physical exertion and alleviates with rest.

Persistent dull ache, flaring up intermittently with heavy lifting, postural strain, physical fatigue, stress, or weather changes, with a recurring tendency.

Minimal to absent manifestations of acute inflammation

May present with fluid hypersecretion resulting in joint effusion, commonly observed in the knee

Limited range of motion

Morning joint stiffness and difficulty moving: Joint gelling phenomenon upon initiating movement following a period of inactivity

Joint crepitus during movement

Disuse muscle atrophy secondary to reduced mobility

Joint deformity and functional lossàPERMANENT DISABILITY.

THE ROLE OF RADIOGRAPHY (X-RAY) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Radiographic examination reveals three principal diagnostic signs:

Narrowing

Joint space loss: Cartilage completely worn away. Joint space reappears: Cartilage newly regenerated.